广西凌云县地下水资源量评价     

罗崴 《中国地质调查》2022,9(1):91-103

为研究广西凌云县地下水资源状况,在分析区内地质构造、岩溶发育特征、含水介质及水动力条件的基础上,采用降水入渗系数法和枯季径流模数法分别对凌云县地下水天然补给量和可开采资源量进行评价,并对地下水资源空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明: 全区地下水多年平均天然补给量112 619.73万m³/a,其中岩溶地下水多年平均天然补给量69 797.68万m³/a,基岩裂隙水多年平均天然补给量为42 822.05万m³/a,可开采资源量为9 840.37万m³/a。区内岩溶发育较强烈,岩溶形态丰富,岩溶发育在垂向上具有一定分带性,高程跨度大,地下水资源空间分布总体相对较为均匀。研究成果为凌云县地下水资源可持续开发利用提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Formation mechanism,experimental method,and property characterization of grain-displacing methane hydrates in marine sediment: A review     

Yong-chao Zhang  Le-le Liu  Gao-wei Hu  Qing-tao Bu  Cheng-feng Li  Zheng-cai Zhang  Jian-ye Sun  Chang-ling Liu 《China Geology》2022,5(2):345-354

Grain-displacing hydrate deposits exist at many marine sites, which constitute an important part of methane hydrate resources worldwide. Attributed to the difficulties in acquiring field data and synthesizing experimental samples, the formation and property characterization of grain-displacing hydrate remains less understood and characterized than the pore-filling hydrate in current literature. This study reviews the formation mechanisms of grain-displacing hydrate from the perspective of geological accumulation and microscale sedimentary property. The experimental methods of synthesizing grain-displacing hydrate in the laboratory and the current knowledge on the property of grain-displacing hydrate sediment are also introduced. Shortcomings in current theories and suggestions for future study are proposed. The work is hoped to provide valuable insights for the research into the hydrate accumulation, geophysics, and hydrate exploitation targeted at the grain-displacing hydrate in the marine sediments.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Determination of total sulfur in geothermal water by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry          下载免费PDF全文

Liu Bing-bing  Han Mei  Liu Jia  Jia Na  Zhang Chen-ling  Zhang Lin 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):285-291

Sulfur speciation and concentration in geothermal water are of great significance for the research and utilization of the water resources. In most situations, it is necessary to determine the total sulfur in geothermal water. In this study, the method was established for the determination of determining total sulfur content — the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), with the wavelength of 182.034 nm selected in spectral line of sulfur. It was identified that the optimal working conditions of the ICP-AES instrument were 1 200 W for high frequency generator power 9 mm for vertical observation height, 0.30 MPa atomizer pressure, and 50 r/min analytical pump speed. The matrix interference of the method was eliminated by the matrix matching method. Using this method, sulfur detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit were 0.028 mg/L and 0.110 mg/L, respectively, whilst the linear range was 0.0–100.0 mg/L. The recovery rate of sample was between 90.67% and 108.7%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.36% and 2.14%. The method was used to analyze the actual samples and the results were basically consistent with the industry standard method. With high analysis efficiency, the method has low detection limit and minimum quantitative detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and accuracy, and provides an important detection method for the determination of total sulfur in geothermal water.  相似文献   

Temporal variations of reference evapotranspiration and controlling factors: Implications for climatic drought in karst areas          下载免费PDF全文

Guo Xiao-jiao  Wang Wen-zhong  Li Cheng-xi  Wang Wei  Shi Jian-sheng  Miao Ying  Hao Xing-bo  Yuan Dao-xian 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):267-284

Variations in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) and drought characteristics play a key role in the effect of climate change on water cycle and associated ecohydrological patterns. The accurate estimation of ET₀ is still a challenge due to the lack of meteorological data and the heterogeneity of hydrological system. Although there is an increasing trend in extreme drought events with global climate change, the relationship between ET₀ and aridity index in karst areas has been poorly studied. In this study, we used the Penman–Monteith method based on a long time series of meteorological data from 1951 to 2015 to calculate ET₀ in a typical karst area, Guilin, Southwest China. The temporal variations in climate variables, ET₀ and aridity index (AI) were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall trend test and linear regression to determine the climatic characteristics, associated controlling factors of ET₀ variations, and further to estimate the relationship between ET₀ and AI. We found that the mean, maximum and minimum temperatures had increased significantly during the 65-year study period, while sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity exhibited significant decreasing trends. The annual ET₀ showed a significant decreasing trend at the rate of ?8.02 mm/10a. However, significant increase in air temperature should have contributed to the enhancement of ET₀, indicating an “evaporation paradox”. In comparison, AI showed a slightly declining trend of ?0.0005/a during 1951–2015. The change in sunshine duration was the major factor causing the decrease in ET₀, followed by wind speed. AI had a higher correlation with precipitation amount, indicating that the variations of AI was more dependent on precipitation, but not substantially dependent on the ET₀. Although AI was not directly related to ET₀, ET₀ had a major contribution to seasonal AI changes. The seasonal variations of ET₀ played a critical role in dryness/wetness changes to regulate water and energy supply, which can lead to seasonal droughts or water shortages in karst areas. Overall, these findings provide an important reference for the management of agricultural production and water resources, and have an important implication for drought in karst regions of China.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of bacterial contamination in tap and groundwater: A case study on water quality of Quetta City,an arid zone in Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

Tanzeel Khan  Muhammad Akhtar Malik  Gohram Malghani  Rabia Akhtar 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):153-165

Water is an essential element on earth, which provides human a variety of services in domestic use, agriculture, or industries. However, some serious health risks of drinking water are associated with microbial contamination, particularly with fecal matter. Therefore, microbial quality assessment is considered to be a necessary component of water quality assessment. This study investigates microbial contamination of water distributary system around the city by comparing groundwater (GW) and tap water (TW) quality in Quetta city. 31 GW samples and 31 TW samples were collected in the study area during the months of September, October, and November. Fecal coliform test was carried out in laboratory and their average total coliform contamination was computed. Results showed that the TW sample were all contaminated by coliform except for Chiltan town, hence are not considered suitable for drinking without any treatment according to WHO drinking water quality standards. The average coliform concentrations were 12 in Quetta main city, 11.6 in Jinnah town, 5.3 in Satallite town, 10 in Shahbaz town and 5 in Brewery town (0/100 mL CFU) and the TW samples from the three towns were even more contaminated with E.coli. Whereas among the GW, average microbial concentrations were 1.8 in Quetta main city, 2 in Satallite town, 1.4 in Shahbaz town, and 0.4 in Chiltan town (0/100 mL CFU), respectively, which shows that the contamination is occurring within the water distributary pipeline system when the water flows through the pipelines. Moreover, this research will be valuable for researchers and administrative authorities to conduct elaborative studies, and develop new policies to prevent further deterioration of drinking water in the water distribution system by pathogenic microorganisms and ensure safe drinking water to the public of Quetta city.  相似文献   

Genetic model and exploration target area of geothermal resources in Hongtang Area,Xiamen, China          下载免费PDF全文

Liu Chun-lei  Lu Chen-ming  Li Ya-song  Hao Qi-chen  Cao Sheng-wei 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):128-137

The geothermal resources in Fujian Province are mainly hydrothermal resources of medium-low temperature. To better understand the whole process and conditions of heat control in the middle and deep crust, this study focuses on the analysis of heat accumulation model in Hongtang Area of Xiamen, and the main conditions of the model such as faults and sags are explored and interpreted in detail by using gravity and wide-field electromagnetic methods. 4 main faults (F33, F2, F12 and HT-F1) and 10 secondary faults (HT-F2, HT-F3, HT-F4, HT-F5, HT-F6, HT-F7, HT-F8, HT-F9, HT-F10 and HT-F11) were inferred, and the distribution range of sags was delineated. The convective geothermal system is composed of four components: Heat source, geothermal reservoir, heat-conductive fault and heat retaining cover, which form a quaternary heat accumulation model. According to the model, the intersection of the main faults F12, HT-F1 and F33 can be delineated as the primary target area of geothermal exploration, while the intersection of the secondary faults (F12 and HT-F6; F12 and HT-F2; HT-F9, HT-F10 and F12; F12 and HT-F11; F33 and HT-F3; HT-F8 and HT-F3; HT-F2, HT-F10 and HT-F1) can be delineated as the secondary target area. Borehole DR01, which is located in the primary target area, shows that the water temperature increases from fast to slow in the depth range of 0–500 m, and stays at 36℃ below 500 m. The reliability of the heat accumulation model and the target area was tested via geothermal boreholes, which is of great significance to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in Hongtang Area of Xiamen.  相似文献   

Indication of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes on the characteristics and circulation patterns of medium-low temperature geothermal resources in the Guanzhong Basin,China          下载免费PDF全文

Feng Ma  Gui-ling Wang  Hong-li Sun  Zhan-xue Sun 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(1):70-86

Guanzhong Basin is a typical medium-low temperature geothermal field mainly controlled by geo-pressure in the west of China.The characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to analyze the flow and storage modes of geothermal resources in the basin.In this paper,the basin was divided into six geotectonic units,where a total of 121 samples were collected from geothermal wells and surface water bodies for the analysis of hydrogen-oxygen isotopes.Analytical results show that the isotopic signatures of hydrogen and oxygen throughout Guanzhong Basin reveal a trend of gradual increase from the basin edge areas to the basin center.In terms of recharge systems,the area in the south edge belongs to the geothermal system of Qinling Mountain piedmont,while to the north of Weihe fault is the geothermal system of North mountain piedmont,where the atmospheric temperature is about 0.2℃-1.8℃in the recharge areas.The main factors that affect the geothermal waterδ18O drifting include the depth of geothermal reservoir and temperature of geothermal reservoir,lithological characteristics,water-rock interaction,geothermal reservoir environment and residence time.Theδ18O-δD relation shows that the main source is the meteoric water,together with some sedimentary water,but there are no deep magmatic water and mantle water which recharge the geothermal water in the basin.Through examining the distribution pattern of hydrogen-oxygen isotopic signatures,the groundwater circulation model of this basin can be divided into open circulation type,semi-open type,closed type and sedimentary type.This provides some important information for rational exploitation of the geothermal resources.  相似文献   

航空重力弱信号提取的卡尔曼滤波方法研究     

王冠鑫  罗锋  周锡华  闫方 《物探与化探》2021,(1):76-83

航空重力测量以飞机为载体对重力场数据进行采集。由于气流、飞行状态及机体自身振动等因素的影响,航空重力测量原始数据含有大量的噪声,信噪比高达上万级分之一,因此从原始测量数据中获取弱小重力信号成为航空重力测量系统发展的一个技术难题。本文针对航空重力测量系统将通用卡尔曼滤波公式进行了适应性调整,建立了航空重力异常的数学模型,针对系统测量原理提出了卡尔曼滤波状态方程,解决了重力信号与差分GNSS信号匹配、航空重力弱小信号提取的难题。经过实测的航空重力测量数据验证,提出的航空重力数据解算方法能够高精度地解算出航空重力异常,且优于FIR低通滤波器(目前工程上采用)的解算结果,推进了航空重力弱信号提取技术的发展。  相似文献   

沧县隆起中段献县凸起和阜城凹陷岩溶型地热资源特征     

黄旭  沈传波  杜利  魏广仁  罗璐  唐果 《现代地质》2021,35(4):997-1008

为探究华北平原的岩溶热储分布规律,以及如何高效开发利用献县凸起和阜城凹陷地热田的地热资源,结合前人研究成果与已有地热井的测井、地震、水化学等资料,分析了岩溶热储分布规律以及献县凸起和阜城凹陷地热田的四大要素即“源、储、通、盖”等地热地质条件,建立了地热田概念模型,并精细评价了地热资源量。研究表明地热田是形成于渤海湾盆地新生代伸展断陷背景下的受深大断裂控制的传导型地热田,主要以大气降水为补给水源,深大断裂和岩溶不整合面为水运移通道。来自太行山和燕山的水再补给、汇聚,在献县凸起及阜城凹陷岩溶热储中富集,形成中-低温传导型地热系统,具有良好的盖层以及高达3.63~5.31 ℃/100 m的地温梯度。蓟县系岩溶热储顶板埋深1 400~1 500 m,有效厚度累计336.1 m;奥陶系岩溶热储顶板埋深2 000~2 500 m,有效厚度累计55.3 m。献县凸起地热田蓟县系岩溶热储可采资源量3.75×10⁹ GJ,折合标煤1.28×10⁸ t,年开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积4 523×10⁴ m²;阜城凹陷奥陶系岩溶储可采资源量0.80×10⁹ GJ,折合标煤0.27×10⁸ t,年开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积954×10⁴ m²。献县凸起及阜城凹陷地热田开发潜力巨大。  相似文献   

河流-三角洲体系微相控烃及机理研究:以珠江口盆地恩平组煤系烃源岩为例     

李燕  邓运华  李友川 《现代地质》2021,35(4):1065-1077

河流-三角洲体系煤系烃源岩是重要的油气来源,传统的研究方法主要为单井点分析,对研究区的勘探程度和资料情况的依赖性大,而且认识滞后于勘探,很难在油气勘探和有利生烃洼陷的预测中发挥作用。对珠江口盆地恩平组煤系烃源岩进行系统研究,揭示煤系烃源岩发育的特征和有利地质条件,并将沉积微相分析与烃源岩的地球化学指标(有机质丰度、生烃潜量、氢指数)相结合,提出微相控烃的特点及机理,建立了珠江口盆地恩平组河流-三角洲体系煤系烃源岩的发育模式。珠江口盆地恩平组沉积时期构造稳定,沉积、沉降速率近平衡;气候温暖湿润,植被繁茂,并且河流和三角洲环境的广泛分布为煤系烃源岩的发育提供了有利条件。河流和三角洲环境发育的煤层均呈薄层状产出,纵向上发育层数多,横向连续性差;河流和三角洲环境发育的煤系烃源岩有机质丰度均较高,生烃潜力和氢指数相近,有机质主要来自陆生高等植物。研究区煤系烃源岩非均质性很强,呈现明显的微相控烃的特点,由河道、分流河道向远离河道、分流河道的河漫沼泽、沼泽有机质丰度增高,有机质类型变好,河流的河漫沼泽和三角洲平原沼泽微相是最有利的沉积相带。各微相的古地形、水动力条件、氧化还原条件等古地理条件的不同是造成各微相烃源岩发育差异的重要原因。在上述研究的基础上,建立了反映研究区河流和三角洲环境各微相烃源岩发育差异及煤层展布特征的煤系烃源岩发育模式。  相似文献